Explore the art of programming: from basic language constructs to advanced OOP design, practical error handling and memory management tips.
In our previous article in this series, we explored the essentials of Java File I/O: understanding the concept of a Stream, writing text to a file using PrintWriter and utilising the modern try-with-resources syntax. However, to truly master Java Inp...
In the previous two blogs of this series, we mastered the art of organising data in memory using Collections and Sorting. We can now create dynamic lists of items, look them up instantly via maps, and sort them by any criteria we choose. But every pr...
In the early weeks of learning Java, arrays appear to be the ideal solution for storing data. They are simple, fast, and easy to declare. However, as our applications grow, the limitations of arrays become increasingly apparent. What happens when you...
In the previous blog of this series, we learned how to store and organise data using flexible structures like Lists and Maps. We can now easily create a dynamic list of students or look them up instantly by their ID. But storing data is rarely enough...
In a previous article of this series, we examined how interface inheritance provides a flexible alternative to rigid class hierarchies. But why exactly is class inheritance considered "rigid", or even potentially dangerous? Influential software engin...
A previous post explored how abstract classes serve as blueprints for creating cohesive class hierarchies. We discussed how inheritance allows subclasses (like Circle and Rectangle) to fulfil a "design contract" defined by a parent Shape class. Howev...
A previous post discussed the Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) concept of generalisation (or "is-a-kind-of")—a relationship between a general category (superclass or parent) and a more specific type (subclass or child). That article focussed on the ...
Encapsulation is a fundamental principle in object-oriented programming (OOP) that helps manage program complexity by bundling the attributes (data) and the methods (behaviours) that operate on the data into a single unit called a class. This princip...
Introduction When discussing the concepts of class and object in a previous article, we mentioned that objects of different classes can be interconnected through relationships. In object-oriented design, the meaning of relationships can extend beyond...